Injury risk in greyhounds is multifactorial including individual and track-related factors. Selection for speed traits may have inadvertently selected for increased injury risk. Genetic technologies can inform how genetic factors impact on individual and population fitness. In the greyhound, genomic inbreeding (FROH) was among the highest compared to 14 other breeds and was significantly associated with wrist fracture. There was a 116% increase in the odds of wrist fracture for every 10% increase in FROH; reducing average FROH (i.e. 0.50 – 0.45) could reduce wrist fracture risk by 33%. Heritability estimates indicated a greater genetic contribution to wrist than hock fracture. For wrist fracture, risk variants in genes with biological functions in bone were identified. Methods to reduce inbreeding in offspring, that examine the genetic relatedness between breeding pairs in a hypothetical mating, significantly improve breeding efficiencies towards the breeding goal in livestock. Therefore, genetic data for greyhounds could inform breeding decisions to positively impact animal welfare and optimise health. In humans, polygenic risk score (PRS) models for fracture that incorporate genetic risk variants have greater predictive accuracy than clinical risk factors alone. These results provide an opportunity to develop a PRS that could ascertain individual genetic liability for fracture.