In 2015, Australasian greyhound racing experienced a significant loss of public trust following televised exposure of live baiting practices. This event intensified existing welfare concerns and prompted calls for the industry's immediate closure. In response, sustained public and political scrutiny catalysed a decade of significant regulatory reform and animal welfare advancements amid growing societal concern for the ethical treatment of animals in sport and entertainment.
This paper presents a comprehensive review of reforms implemented across Australia and New Zealand, with a focus on measurable animal welfare metrics, scientific innovation, and regulatory evolution. Key developments include establishment and restructuring of regulatory integrity bodies; introduction of a harmonised national rulebook with stated aims to promote, enhance, and maintain the welfare of greyhounds; and implementation of policies aimed at enhancing welfare outcomes across breeding, racing, and retirement.
Notable regulatory reforms include absolute liability for baiting offences, harmonised anti-doping and medication control rules, restricted veterinary-only procedures, and the prohibition of surgical artificial insemination aligning with contemporary welfare science and best practice. Breeding reforms including mandatory breeder registration, veterinary health certification, litter limits, and sponsored sterilisation programs aim to promote responsible and sustainable breeding. National harmonisation in injury reporting and monitoring, investment in injury risk factor research and best-practice track design, alongside surgical treatment and rehabilitation programs reducing unnecessary euthanasia. Expanded rehoming programs, including desexing and dental financial support, have enhanced post-racing welfare outcomes, while technological upgrades in lifetime tracking and biometric ID, coupled with cessation of ear tattooing for the purposes of identification, have modernised traceability and oversight.
This paper argues that the sustainability of greyhound racing depends on continued investment in systems, personnel, research, technology, ethical leadership, evidence-based policy, and transparent public engagement. The findings offer a data-driven response to welfare criticisms and provide insights applicable to other animal-use industries navigating similar challenges.